User Forum

READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
Research has shown that the human mind can process words at the rate of about 500 per minute, whereas a speaker speaks at the rate of about 150 words a minute. The difference between the two at 350 is quite large. So a speaker must make every effort to retain the attention of the audience and the listener should also be careful not to let his mind wander. Good communication calls for good listening skills. A good speaker must necessarily be a good listener. Listening starts with hearing but goes beyond. Listening involves hearing with attention. Listening is a process that calls for concentration. While listening, one should also be observant. In other words, listening has to do with the ears, as a well as with the eyes and the mind. Listening is to be understood as a total process that involves hearing with attention, being observant and making interpretations. Good communication is essentially an interactive process. It calls for participation and involvement. It is quite often a dialogue rather than a monologue. It is necessary to be interested and also show or make it abundantly clear that one is interested in knowing what the other person has to say. Good listening is an art that can be cultivated. It relates to skills that can be developed. A good listener knows the art of getting much more than what the speaker is trying to convey. He knows how to prompt, persuade but not to cut off or interrupt what the other person has to say. At times the speaker may or may not be coherent, articulate and well organised in his thoughts and expressions. He may have it in his mind and yet he may fail to marshal the right words while communicating his thought. Nevertheless a good listener puts him at ease, helps him articulate and make it easier for him to get across the message that he wants to convey. For listening to be effective it is also necessary that barriers to listening are removed. Such barriers can be both physical and psychological. Physical barriers generally relate to hindrances to proper hearing whereas psychological barriers are more fundamental and relate to the interpretation and evaluation of speaker and the message.
What makes any listener a good listener? A good listener _______.

Aalready knows what the speaker is going to say
Bis able to articulate the speaker's thoughts and ideas
Cdoesn't interrupt the speaker, and helps put his/her point across
Donly A and B

Fill in the blanks using demonstrative adjectives :
What was _________ noise?

A this
B that
C these
D those

Fill in the blanks using correct form of the verb given in the brackets :
Karan ________ (sing) a song now. He usually ________ (sing) in the school. Sushil ________ (read) too much. Even now he ________ (read) a novel. They usually ________ (walk) fast, but they ________ (walk) slowly now. “Where is your father?” “Look, he _____?______ (repair) the car.” The baby ________ (cry) because she is hungry. Salma generally ________ (sing) in Hindi but today she ________ (sing) in English.

A repair
B repairs
C repaired
D is repairing

CHOOSE THE CORRECTLY SPELT WORD.

ASubsiquent
BSubsquent
CSubsequint
DSubsequent

CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD/PHRASE TO COMPLETE EACH SENTENCE.
If the teacher finds out that you wrote on the wall, you____be punished.

Amight
Bmay have
Cshould
Dhave

Put the words in correct order to make a complete sentence :
we / at the airport / some friends / met
 (a)           (b)              (c)               (d)

A b--- c--- a--- d
B a--- d--- c--- b
C c--- a--- d--- b
D a--- c--- d--- b

READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
In 2014 the islanders of the Isle of Head chose altogether to stop government interference on their small island. They decided to purchase the whole island as a consortium now known as 'The Isle of Head Organisation', or TIHO for short. They now, like many other islands off the west coast, can set their own standard of living using a village tribunal system. In fact, this was what they were after originally. This way of living is not unfamiliar, but what they have decided to do on their island is somewhat quirky.
Head currently has limited access to the mainland and as the population shrank as too did the number of visitors; consequently, there is no need for frequent ferries. Although, it's not unknown for there to be multiple sailings at the weekend which people like greatly for the ease of access. That combined with a journey time of just over 25 minutes on calm seas and sometimes over 1-hour per sailing on other days has meant that the service operates on a 'need to' basis and sails only once there are enough passengers waiting to make the crossing worthwhile.
The village has several highly skilled citizens which has proved useful as they have decided that they will, in the most part, be self-sufficient. Central to this philosophy is the principle that they will educate their own primary and secondary school pupils and that the three 20-year olds will study together communicating through the web with colleges and universities elsewhere. It has been raised as a potential issue and there is an inquiry ongoing to check that the education the islanders get is of a suitable standard.
What was the reason they wanted to buy the island?

A Rules
B Money
C Schools
D Transport

CHOOSE THE WORD WITH THE INCORRECT SPELLING.
__________

AForeshorten
BAssimilate
CForesite
DAristocratic

CHOOSE THE CORRECT NOUN FOR THE UNDERLINED WORD.
Shanaya had no tolerance for practical jokes.

A Abstract noun
B Material noun
C Common noun
D Collective noun

READ THE PASSAGE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW.
Without a formal hierarchy, how do members of online communities work together to create vast founts of knowledge such as Wikipedia? A recent study examines how leadership can emerge in online communities. It seems to indicate that for companies who wish to leverage the influence of online community leaders, identifying those leaders will be more complex than expected.
Who are online leaders? It turns out that online leaders or those considered to influence the way the internet seems to weight certain ideas above others is centrally down to a group of trendsetters who, in general, are people who are related in some way or other to a topic i.e. fashion leaders on facebook that everyone follows or foody people who push restaurants and new food trends. They are essentially people like you and I; an exciting prospect and an interesting one considering how they are created.
How do online communities, whose members are scattered across the globe, work so successfully without formal control structures? While traditional organisations rely on control mechanisms, online communities are loosely coordinated, selforganising, and voluntary. Some observers have labelled online communities "leaderless organisations". When researchers started, it was unclear whether leadership existed at all in online communities. While other studies subsequently uncovered some insights, such as how individuals move from the outskirts to the centre, in the most recent study researchers developed an integrated framework to study leadership in online communities. Traditional leadership theory says that leaders assign tasks and manage relationships, while other research shows that influential members occupy central positions in the organisational structure. The researchers in this case set out to discover whether similar ideas also apply to online communities. To gather data, they surveyed users and studied messages from three online communities focused on technical topics related to programming, examining both the behaviours and structural position within the networks of those identified by other participants as leaders.
The researchers' findings indicate that leaders are mainly distinguished by their task-based behaviours. They contribute knowledge by answering queries, sometimes sharing programming code, and giving personal assessments. Tenure (duration of membership) and participation were positively associated with being identified as a leader, but the number of questions asked by a participant had a negative association, which indicates that a leader is more likely to provide answers than questions. The researchers also rated postings for the existence and frequency of sign-offs, thanks, and personal anecdotes — signs of sociability within online communities — and found that sociability was less significant than knowledge contribution.
However, it can't be concluded that sociability is unimportant in all online communities, just that it is not as important as technical knowledge contribution in the communities studied, which are all dedicated to sharing technical expertise. In technical forums, such as those dedicated to programming, there are, often, correct and incorrect answers to questions; on the other hand, in online communities organised around social support or political action, relationships and sociable behaviour of influential members may be valued more. These more subjective sites may well have a different set of rules governing choice for those inclined to follow trend setters.
The researchers complemented their approach with a structural approach, using the concept of social capital, or resources accessed by virtue of relational ties. In traditional organisations, members in top positions can get information from unconnected groups and trade off on it. For example, doing someone a favour and expecting it to be returned. The researchers wondered whether a similar edge could be gained online. After all, in the context of knowledge collaboration, information is key, and an individual who "bridges" unconnected parts of the network benefits from arbitrage opportunities. By making ties between who responded to whom in the online community, the researchers did indeed find that structural social capital was strongly associated with leadership. Although there is no way to know what came first, the leader's position or the social capital. They also found that leadership is a lot more concentrated than expected: out of nearly 1,000 participants in the study, only 42 were identified as leaders, while fewer still, were nominated 9 or more times!
To an observer there seems to be as many uncertainties as there are answers in this very complex system of cyber leadership and although it may seem that, in actuality, very few people have a lot of control over web content the speed at which leaders are replaced is a clear area of study worth considering because anecdotally the rapid replacements of leaders help bring the diversity and freedom the internet seems to provide. So, we may not have more leaders in the future but instead more people embarking upon and ending their leadership roles.
What is the greatest internet resource?

A Developing computers
B Shared knowledge
C Customer service
D Structural organisation